Analysis of Marsupialization of Mandibular Cysts in Improving the Healing of Related Bone Defects

Purpose: Marsupialization, designed to reduce the mandibular cyst volume, has continued to debated regarding its influence on the healing of the related bone cavity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the 3-dimensional radiographic variation over time in mandibular odontogenic cystic lesions after marsupialization and assess the correlations between these variations and variables that can affect the procedure. Materials and Methods: We planned a retrospective cohort study. The predictor variables were the treatment duration, preoperative volume, patient age, histologic type, and number of preoperative residual bony walls. The outcomes variables were the postoperative volume reduction and the daily reduction rate calculated using computed tomography (CT) from before to after marsupialization using software designed for volumetric reconstruction and measurement of cyst-related bone defects. The descriptive and bivariate statistics were computerized, and the significance level was set at P =.05. Results: The sample included 15 patients (12 men and 3 women; mean age, 51.6; range, 27 to 85 years) affected by keratocysts (n = 6), dentigerous cysts (n = 6), and radicular cysts (n = 3) who had undergone marsupialization. The median duration of marsupialization was 406 days (25th to 75th percentile, 276 to 519). The mean ± standard deviation (SD) pre- and postdecompression volumes were 6,908.27 ± 2,669.058 and 2,468.13 ± 1,343.517 mm3, respectively (P < 0.001), and the mean ± SD percentage of reduction was 63.90 ± 13.12%. The volume decrease in the bone defects correlated positively with the treatment duration (P =.009) and preoperative volume (P <.001). However, no correlation was found with the other variables (P >.05) nor between the daily reduction rate and other variables (P >.05). Conclusions: Marsupialization appears useful in improving the healing of cyst-related bone defects in mandibles, especially larger defects. Further studies with a wider sample size would add more knowledge to this topic

Application of a CAGE method to an avian development study

© Springer Science+Business Media LLC 2017. Cap analysis of gene expression (CAGE) is a convenient approach for genome-wide identification of promoter regions at single base-pair resolution level and accurate expression estimation of the corresponding transcripts. Depending on the initial biomaterial amount and sequencing technology, different computational pipelines for data processing are available, as well as variations of the CAGE protocol that improve sensitivity and accuracy. Therefore, this chapter elucidates the key steps of sample preparation, sequencing, and data analysis via an example of a promoter expression estimation study in chicken development. We also describe the applicability of this approach for studying other avian and reptilian species

The horizontal root fractures. Diagnosis, clinical management and three-year follow-up

Objective: The aim of this retrospective analysis is to describe and to evaluate the middle third horizontal root fractures, long term clinical management results and to estimate the effect of treatments factors upon healing and survival rate. Methods: Our clinical study included 42 patients presenting a middle third horizontal root fracture in permanent dentition. For each patient at t the parameters recorded were: diastasis, mobility, sensibility, periodontal inflammation, pulpal pathology, associated fracture and dislocation of the coronal fragment. The follow-up was performed after 6 (t1), 12 (t2) and 36 (t3) months after the trauma, both clinically and radiologically. Clinical examination, vitality tests and a radiological evaluation (periapical x-ray) were performed. Results: At t0 it was observed: diastasis (14, 3%), mobility (28, 6%), thermal sensibility (61, 9%), periodontal inflammation (4, 8%), pulpal pathology (38, 1%) and dislocation of the coronal fragment (47, 6%) of the patients. The treatment plan started with the coronal fragment repositioning and the blockage (splint) with the adjacent teeth in 47, 6% of cases. A root canal treatment was performed at t in 52,4% of the fractured teeth. Statistical analysis showed the highest level of significance between pulpal lesions (t) and associated fractures. The mobility, sensibility and pulpar lesions parameters, showed a reduction in relation to the follow up timing, with a main variation remarkably evident between t and t1. The ratio between observation time and the presence of diastasis was statistically significant. Conclusion: The analysis of the clinical results exhibits the high success rate of a conservative approach in the treatment of teeth fractured in the middle third of the root

Temperature behavior of radiochromic poly(vinyl-alcohol)–glutaraldehyde Fricke gel dosimeters in practice

The use of synthetic gel matrices prepared with poly(vinyl-alcohol) (PVA) cross-linked by glutaraldehyde (GTA) contributed to enhance the interest toward radiochromic Fricke gel (FG) dosimeters. As it occurs in several chemical dosimeters, the response of PVA-GTA Fricke gels could be affected by temperature. Aim of this work is to study the dependence of the dosimetric properties of PVA-GTA Fricke gel dosimeters both on the irradiation temperature and on temperature changes possibly occurring between the irradiation and readout phases. Such effects were investigated by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and optical absorbance (OA) measurements. The results did not reveal any significant dependence of the sensitivity of the dosimeters on the irradiation temperature in the investigated interval 20\ub0C-35\ub0C. By contrast, auto-oxidation phenomena confirmed to be a critical aspect for FG dosimeters, also in case of use of PVA matrix. The extent such phenomena, that might impair the accuracy of dose estimations, proved to critically depend on the temperature at which FG dosimeters are subjected before and after irradiation, as well as on the duration of possible thermal-stress

Reactivity of Cortical Alpha Rhythms to Eye Opening in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease: an EEG Study.

2010 Oct 7. [Epub ahead of print

Football players do not show "neural efficiency" in cortical activity related to visuospatial information processing during football scenes: an EEG mapping study

This study tested the hypothesis of cortical neural efficiency (i.e., reduced brain activation in experts) in the visuospatial information processing related to football (soccer) scenes in football players. Electroencephalographic data were recorded from 56 scalp electrodes in 13 football players and eight matched non-players during the observation of 70 videos with football actions lasting 2.5 s each. During these videos, the central fixation target changed color from red to blue or vice versa. The videos were watched two times. One time, the subjects were asked to estimate the distance between players during each action (FOOTBALL condition, visuospatial). Another time, they had to estimate if the fixation target was colored for a longer time in red or blue color (CONTROL condition, non-visuospatial). The order of the two conditions was pseudo-randomized across the subjects. Cortical activity was estimated as the percent reduction in power of scalp alpha rhythms (about 8-12 Hz) during the videos compared with a pre-video baseline (event-related desynchronization, ERD). In the FOOTBALL condition, a prominent and bilateral parietal alpha ERD (i.e., cortical activation) was greater in the football players than non-players (p < 0.05) in contrast with the neural efficiency hypothesis. In the CONTROL condition, no significant alpha ERD difference was observed. No difference in behavioral response time and accuracy was found between the two groups in any condition. In conclusion, a prominent parietal cortical activity related to visuospatial processes during football scenes was greater in the football players over controls in contrast with the neural efficiency hypothesis

The FANTOM web resource: from mammalian transcriptional landscape to its dynamic regulation

The genome-scale data collected by the FANTOM4 collaborative research project are presented as an integrated web resource

Methylome of human skeletal muscle after acute & chronic resistance exercise training, detraining & retraining

DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification that can regulate gene expression following environmental encounters without changes to the genetic code. Using Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip Arrays (850,000 CpG sites) we analysed for the first time, DNA isolated from untrained human skeletal muscle biopsies (vastus lateralis) at baseline (rest) and immediately following an acute (single) bout of resistance exercise. In the same participants, we also analysed the methylome following a period of muscle growth (hypertrophy) evoked via chronic (repeated bouts-3 sessions/wk) resistance exercise (RE) (training) over 7-weeks, followed by complete exercise cessation for 7-weeks returning muscle back to baseline levels (detraining), and finally followed by a subsequent 7-week period of RE-induced hypertrophy (retraining). These valuable methylome data sets described in the present manuscript and deposited in an open-access repository can now be shared and re-used to enable the identification of epigenetically regulated genes/ networks that are modified after acute anabolic stimuli and hypertrophy, and further investigate the phenomenon of epigenetic memory in skeletal muscle

Sleep deprivation and Modafinil affect cortical sources of resting state electroencephalographic rhythms in healthy young adults

Objective: It has been reported that sleep deprivation affects the neurophysiological mechanisms underpinning the vigilance. Here, we tested the following hypotheses in the PharmaCog project (www.pharmacog.org): (i) sleep deprivation may alter posterior cortical delta and alpha sources of resting state eyes-closed electroencephalographic (rsEEG) rhythms in healthy young adults; (ii) after the sleep deprivation, a vigilance enhancer may recover those rsEEG source markers. Methods: rsEEG data were recorded in 36 healthy young adults before (Pre-sleep deprivation) and after (Post-sleep deprivation) one night of sleep deprivation. In the Post-sleep deprivation, these data were collected after a single dose of PLACEBO or MODAFINIL. rsEEG cortical sources were estimated by eLORETA freeware. Results: In the PLACEBO condition, the sleep deprivation induced an increase and a decrease in posterior delta (2–4 Hz) and alpha (8–13 Hz) source activities, respectively. In the MODAFINIL condition, the vigilance enhancer partially recovered those source activities. Conclusions: The present results suggest that posterior delta and alpha source activities may be both related to the regulation of human brain arousal and vigilance in quiet wakefulness. Significance: Future research in healthy young adults may use this methodology to preselect new symptomatic drug candidates designed to normalize brain arousal and vigilance in seniors with dementia